Flow Highway — Little's Law in Motion
WIP = Throughput × Lead Time  |  Three traffic states, side by side
FREE FLOW Low WIP →
fast, predictable
WIP
Thru
Lead T
STOP & GO Too much WIP →
unpredictable, slow
WIP
Thru
Lead T
GRIDLOCK WIP explodes →
everything stops
WIP 21
Thru 0/m
Lead T
WIP — cars on road at once
Throughput — cars/min completed
Lead Time — seconds to cross